*HOT* Tech News And Downloads, I Would Read This Thread And Post Any Good Info

from http://sandbox.slysoft.com/beta/changes_anydvd.txt

6.1.5.1 2007 05 16
- New: AnyDVD ripper displays the volume label of the discs
- New (HD DVD & Blu-ray): Support for new titles
- New (HD DVD): Workaround for mastering error on "Relentless Enemies"
- New (HD DVD & Blu-ray): Added warning dialog, if HD DVD or Blu-ray
processing did not work
- Fix (DVD): AnyDVD ripper did not work correctly with multiple angles.
If you want more control (stream selection, main movie only
selection, ...) we recommend to use CloneDVD2 available at
http://www.slysoft.com instead of AnyDVD ripper.
- Fix (DVD): Sony Arccos Decryption bug introduced in 6.1.4.3, sorry
- Some minor fixes and improvements
- Updated languages

To Download Anydvd 6.1.5.1 beta Click this

http://sandbox.slysoft.com/beta/SetupAnyDVD6151.exe

 

Critical Unicode Flaw Undercuts Firewalls, Scanners
Published 15:01:19 16.05.2007

US-CERT reports that 92 security products by different vendors, including Cisco, may have a serious security hole. Given these products' market share, most businesses could be affected. The U.S. Computer Emergency Response Team is reporting a network evasion technique that uses full-width and half-width unicode characters to allow malware to evade detection by an IPS or firewall. The vulnerability affects virtually every major firewall and intrusion prevention system available, including products from Cisco Systems. Given Cisco's major share of the market, at least for enterprise routers and VPN and firewall equipment—according to Gartner, Cisco was at the top of the heap with 66 percent of that market in 2006—that means most businesses will be affected. More info can be found at :

link

http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1759,2130397,00.asp?kc=EWRSS03129TX1K0000614

 

Amazon downloads: DRM-free

p2pnet.net news:- Britain's EMI was the first of the Big 4 labels to make virtually its entire music catalog available without DRM (Digital Restrictions Management).

Offer higher priced downloads and without consumer control, but with slightly higher quality sound, and the punters will come running, is its sincere hope.

And where it goes, Warner Music (US), Vivendi Universal (France) and Sony BMG (Japan and Germany) are bound to follow, sooner or later. And the same goes for all corporate online stores offering digital downloads.

Amazon has decided to start selling DRM-free downloads supplied by EMI. This means buyers will be able to do more or less whatever they want with their digital music acquisitions, and as often as they want.

"Amazon already has millions of online shoppers and sophisticated software that recommends products based on customer tastes," says the Los Angeles Times, going on:

"Amazon's vow to sell music not limited by so-called digital rights management, or DRM, software deals a big blow to the major record labels. They have tried to keep electronic versions of songs in a format that's difficult to illegally share.

"Music industry insiders said privately that Amazon's clout might eventually force them to give up their effort to use technology to restrict what people do with the digital music they buy."

How much will Amazon be asking? It hasn't yet said. But $.99 is the going rate, having been established by the Big 4 without any kind of explanation as to how it was arrived at.

Certainly, few people who regularly use the Net to get their music are willing to pay that much, especially when the labels are using their various so-called trade associations such as the RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) to try to sue their customers around the world into buying product.

The high price charged by the Big 4 is the principal reason they've been unable to break into the real world of online music. Not many music lovers will pay a dollar, or even more, for their fixes, especially when they can already get whatever they want, whenever they want it, from the independent music sites run by entrepreneurs and musicians, and/or from the free p2p networks.

When will Amazon launch its new venture? It doesn't say.

Meanwhile, one of the more interesting question raised by this new development is: what will Apple do?

Disingenuously claiming DRM is down to Warner Music, EMI, Vivendi Universal and Sony BMG, DRM maestro Steve Jobs will start selling DRM-free iTunes downloads this month. .

But of course, there's a price ---- $1.30 per download.

Will the Apple faithful, already paying far too much for far too little, be willing to pay even more to be able to play their music on devices of their choosing?

Stay tuned.


(Thursday 17th May 2007)
http://p2pnet.net/story/12247

 

95 years for UK copyrights?

p2pnet.net news:- Elderly rockers including Paul McCartney, Cliff Richard, U2, Barry Gibb andf Petula Clark last year signed a newspaper advertisement in the Financial Times calling for an extension in all sound recordings to almost a century.

Now the House of Commons select committee on culture, media and sport's fifth report endorses their demand, says the Open Rights Group, pointing out that Copyweb says this "slightly confuses rights in performances with rights in sound recordings".

This follows a report prepared by ex-financial Times editor Andrew Gowers (right).

The committee's logic looks simple, the Open Rights Group states:

Gowers' analysis was thorough and in economic terms may be correct. It gives the impression, however, of having been conducted entirely on economic grounds. We strongly believe that copyright represents a moral right of a creator to choose to retain ownership and control of their own intellectual property. We have not heard a convincing reason why a composer and his or her heirs should benefit from a term of copyright which extends for lifetime and beyond, but a performer should not.”

Gowers did couch his report in economic terms. His idea of balance matched the needs of creators against those of consumers and innovators.

But he didn't just do this because he was commissioned by the Treasury. He was reflecting the current position of UK law. Current UK law regards copyright as an economic incentive to create, or, as Gowers puts it 'a purely statutory right created for the utilitarian purpose of encouraging literary efforts'.

It seems the House of Commons Select Committee is not arguing for an extension to term, it is arguing for a fundamental change to the law, a law for which there are plenty of 'convincing reasons' which can all be couched in moral terms.

But it may just as likely be the case that the House of Commons Select Committee on Culture Media and Sport simply doesn't know its law properly.

Meanwhile, "the real beneficiaries of any copyright extension into the the 22nd century will, as usual, be Warner Music, EMI, Vivendi Universal and Sony BMG," said p2pnet when the news broke. "As the [Gowers] study observes, 'We accept the arguments that increasing copyright term increases revenues to the record industry'."

And as Chris Ovenden emphasised:

Not a lot has been said about the sting in the tail of his report: that files sharers are recommended to be lumped in with forgers and imprisoned for up to 10 years.

Does this man actually live in the same century as the rest of us? It's bad enough that people who want to share their delight in new music are criminalised under existing legislature, drawn up times when copying music cost money.

Now, if this old duffer has his way, practically everyone with a computer is heading straight to jail.
http://p2pnet.net/story/12249

 

Charging Students A Reconnect Fee For DMCA Notices?

According to Stanford’s new Student DMCA Complaint Policy & Reconnection Fee PDF),
http://www.ilrweb.com/viewILRPDF.asp?filename=stanford policy

the university will now charge students a minimum of $100 for “reconnection fees” if a DMCA complaint is filed against them.

The imposition of the reconnection fee is the only substantial modification to Stanford’s treatment of DMCA complaints against students. The imposition of reconnection fees will take effect on September 1, 2007. All students will start at the $100 reconnection fee level. So if a student had one DMCA complaint filed against her prior to September 1, 2007, then on receipt of a 2nd DMCA complaint, Stanford will refer the matter to the student’s Residence Dean and once the complaint has been addressed by the student, a $100 reconnection fee will be charged.

 

Adolf would be thrilled with all this nonsense

 

eMule 0.48a build 2
=>Posted by: Edskes.
=>Wednesday, May 16 @ 22:40:40 CEST
Warp2Search News eMule connects to the eDonkey network and is one of the best P2P (peer-to-peer, point-to-point, person-to-person) filesharing programs available today. It provides sharing of all kinds of media (films, video, audio, music, albums, pictures, documents, books, etc.) and software (applications, games, etc.). eDonkey combines the strengths of Napster, Gnutella (LimeWire), Direct Connect, FastTrack (Kazaa Lite K++, Clean Grokster, iMesh Light), SoulSeek and BitTorrent while avoiding their problems. eMule doesn't rely on a central server, yet searches are quick and your client doesn't get bogged down with endless search requests. You have the ability to search all the files being shared anywhere on the network. It automatically resumes interrupted transfers from alternate sources. The client also incorporates a serverless network based on Kademlia.

Features:
- Clients use several networks to create one reliable network (eDonkey, Source Exchange, Kademlia)
- eMule's Queue and Credit system helps to ensure that everyone will get the file he wants by promoting those that upload back to the network
- eMule is completely free and Open Source under the restrictions of the GPL (General Public License)
- Each file checked for corruptions while downloading to ensure an error free file
- The eMule Intelligent Corruption Control helps to speed up the correction of corrupted parts
- Auto priorities and Source management allows you to start many downloads without having to monitor them
- The Preview function allows you to look at your Videos and Archives before they are completed
- The eMule features webservices and a webserver that allows you to have quick access to and from the Internet
- You can create categories for your download to organize them
- To find the file you want, eMule offers a wide range of search possibilities which include: Servers (Local and Global), webbased (FileDonkey) and Kademlia
- eMule also allows you to use very complex Boolean searches that make the searches much more flexible
- With the messaging and friend system, you can send messages to other Clients and add them as friends
- In your friend list, you can always see if a friend is online
- With the build in IRC (Internet Relay Chat) client, you can chat with other downloaders and chatters around the globe
- To avoid downloading fake files, there are lots of sites with verifieds (links to verified files)
- LinkCreator can be used to create ed2k links with or without hashset
- A big IP blocklist is included in the installer, this will prevent a lot of computers who monitor filesharing activity or spread fake files from making a connection
- Supports Microsoft Windows 95, 98, 98 SE (Second Edition), ME (Millennium Edition), NT (New Technology) 4.0 SP (Service Pack) 6, 2000, XP (eXPerience), 2003 and Vista (both 32-bit and 64-bit)
- eMule is distributed together with a huge FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) with answers to lots of possible questions

What's New in eMule 0.48a build 2:
- Updated LinkCreator to 0.7, LinkCreator can be used to create ed2k links with or without hashset
- Updated the IP blocklist, this will prevent a lot of computers who monitor filesharing activity or spread fake files from making a connection
- Updated the included links to sites with verified files
- Improved the default configuration
- Minor fixes and improvements

Download eMule 0.48a build 2 (5.58 MB, 5.860.355 bytes):
http://www.warp2search.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=31923


http://mirror.edskes.net/

 

Shipwreck yields estimated $500M haul



By MITCH STACY, Associated Press Writer 1 hour, 31 minutes ago

TAMPA, Fla. - Deep-sea explorers said Friday they have mined what could be the richest shipwreck treasure in history, bringing home 17 tons of colonial-era silver and gold coins from an undisclosed site in the Atlantic Ocean. Estimated value: $500 million.

A jet chartered by Tampa-based Odyssey Marine Exploration landed in the United States recently with hundreds of plastic containers brimming with coins raised from the ocean floor, Odyssey co-chairman Greg Stemm said. The more than 500,000 pieces are expected to fetch an average of $1,000 each from collectors and investors.

"For this colonial era, I think (the find) is unprecedented," said rare coin expert Nick Bruyer, who examined a batch of coins from the wreck. "I don't know of anything equal or comparable to it."

Citing security concerns, the company declined to release any details about the ship or the wreck site Friday. Stemm said a formal announcement will come later, but court records indicate the coins might come from a 400-year-old ship found off England.

Because the shipwreck was found in a lane where many colonial-era vessels went down, there is still some uncertainty about its nationality, size and age, Stemm said, although evidence points to a specific known shipwreck. The site is beyond the territorial waters or legal jurisdiction of any country, he said.

"Rather than a shout of glee, it's more being able to exhale for the first time in a long time," Stemm said of the haul, by far the biggest in Odyssey's 13-year history.

He wouldn't say if the loot was taken from the same wreck site near the English Channel that Odyssey recently petitioned a federal court for permission to salvage.

In seeking exclusive rights to that site, an Odyssey attorney told a federal judge last fall that the company likely had found the remains of a 17th-century merchant vessel that sank with valuable cargo aboard, about 40 miles off the southwestern tip of England. A judge signed an order granting those rights last month.

In keeping with the secretive nature of the project dubbed "Black Swan," Odyssey also isn't talking yet about the types, denominations and country of origin of the coins.

Bruyer said he observed a wide range of varieties and dates of likely uncirculated currency in much better condition than artifacts yielded by most shipwrecks of a similar age.

The Black Swan coins — mostly silver pieces — likely will fetch several hundred dollars to several thousand dollars each, with some possibly commanding much more, he said. Value is determined by rarity, condition and the story behind them.

Controlled release of the coins into the market along with their expected high value to collectors likely will keep prices at a premium, he said.

The richest ever shipwreck haul was yielded by the Spanish galleon Nuestra Senora de Atocha, which sank in a hurricane off the Florida Keys in 1622. Treasure-hunting pioneer Mel Fisher found it in 1985, retrieving a reported $400 million in coins and other loot.

Odyssey likely will return to the same spot for more coins and artifacts.

"We have treated this site with kid gloves and the archaeological work done by our team out there is unsurpassed," Odyssey CEO John Morris said. "We are thoroughly documenting and recording the site, which we believe will have immense historical significance."

The news is timely for Odyssey, the only publicly traded company of its kind.

The company salvaged more than 50,000 coins and other artifacts from the wreck of the SS Republic off Savannah, Ga., in 2003, making millions. But Odyssey posted losses in 2005 and 2006 while using its expensive, state-of-the-art ships and deep-water robotic equipment to hunt for the next mother lode.

"The outside world now understands that what we do is a real business and is repeatable and not just a lucky one shot deal," Stemm said. "I don't know of anybody else who has hit more than one economically significant shipwreck."

In January, Odyssey won permission from the Spanish government to resume a suspended search for the wreck of the HMS Sussex, which was leading a British fleet into the Mediterranean Sea for a war against France in 1694 when it sank in a storm off Gibraltar.

Historians believe the 157-foot warship was carrying nine tons of gold coins to buy the loyalty of the Duke of Savoy, a potential ally in southeastern France. Odyssey believes those coins could also fetch more than $500 million.

But under the terms of a historic agreement Odyssey will have to share any finds with the British government. The company will get 80 percent of the first $45 million and about 50 percent of the proceeds thereafter.

___

On the Net:

Odyssey Marine Exploration: http://www.shipwreck.net/

http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070518/ap_on_re_us/treasure_ship

 

New HD DVD, Blu-ray Disc Copy Protection Defeated Before Release



Efforts that began in December 2006, and continued through February 2007, lead the way for the circumvention of the Advanced Access Content System (AACS) HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc copy-protection scheme.

It started with the discovery of individual encryption keys for specific movies titles that would allow the decryption and backup of the protected media. Continued efforts eventually uncovered the Processing Key, essentially a silver bullet that is able to defeat the copy protection of all HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc media currently on the market.

Advanced Access Content System Licensing Administration (AACS LA) acknowledged the effectiveness of the hack, but promised that it would soon patch up the hole in future releases. “AACS LA has confirmed that AACS Title Keys have appeared on public web sites without authorization,” read a statement from the AACS website. “AACS LA employs both technical and legal measures to deal with attacks such as this one, and AACS LA is using all appropriate remedies at its disposal to address the attack.“

Beginning May 22, which is most notably the release date of the Matrix trilogy on HD DVD, all high-definition titles will shipping with Media Key Block (MKB) v3 – a new encryption key version that would render the previously discovered Processing Key obsolete.

“If a set of device keys is compromised in a way that threatens the integrity of the system, an updated MKB can be provided by the AACS LA that will cause a product with the compromised set of device keys to calculate a different key than is computed by the remaining compliant products,” as found written in AACS documentation. “In this way, the compromised device keys are 'revoked' by the new MKB.”

However, it appears that the AACS’ updated copy protection measures have already been circumvented even before the new software’s official release. SlySoft, developers of a software used to defeat the copy protections of DVD, HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc, have revealed that its latest version of AnyDVD HD is able to sidestep the new MKB from the AACS.

According to posts in SlySoft's forums, the new AnyDVD HD version was successfully able to decrypt an early-shipped release of the Matrix trilogy. Judging from how the protection system works, the newly discovered exploit will also work with all upcoming software until the AACS LA implements yet another patch.

The original Processing Key, found in February, recently caused quite the stir. Attempts to censor a string of letters and numbers stirred Internet users to overwhelm Digg.com in the first well-documented Internet Riot, leading it and other websites to change their legal position on censorship.
http://www.dailytech.com/article.aspx?newsid=7327

 

Meet the Copyright Alliance

p2pnet.net news:- Anyone who believes things are as bad as they can get with self-interest corporate groups undermining freedom of choice, freedom of expression and freedom of speech should prepare themselves.

There's a new anti-consumer gang in town, and it'll be more actively poisonous than anything you've ever seen before.

Collectively and individually, the huge music, movie and software industry groups claim the men, women and children upon whom they all depend so absolutely are nothing but potential criminals just waiting for an opportunity to rob them blind by "massively distributing" corporate product on- and offline.

Enter the Copyright Alliance meant to, "convince increasingly skeptical members of the general public and policymakers that copyrights are something special that deserve protection," says the Hollywood Reporter.

"Patrick Ross, executive director of the organization, said that the group helps fill a gap that was left when former MPAA chief Jack Valenti died," states the story. Valenti, "ran a similar group known as the Copyright Alliance that went into eclipse after his death last month" but, "That was a creature of Jack Valenti. With this, we hope to preserve that broad group."

Congress, "heralded the launch of the Copyright Alliance, which consists of 29 organizations in the U.S. ranging from entertainment and arts groups to technology and sports coalitions," says Variety. "The alliance estimates that the number individuals it represents totals 11 million.

Praising the new multi-level enforcement outfit are such infamous entertainment industry supporters as Hollywood Howard Berman, Howard Coble and John Conyers.

Observes InfoWorld, "Several copyright bills are likely to come before Congress this year, said Representative Howard Berman, a California Democrat and chairman of the House Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Courts, the Internet, and Intellectual Property," going on:

Among the bills Berman expects in Congress is reform of the payment system for music royalties, particularly higher payments for artists whose music is sold online, he said.

Berman praised the Copyright Alliance for its focus. Congress and advocates need to 'protect against the constant assault on copyright law,' he said.

Copyright issues are likely to produce major debate in Congress this year. Two bills would nullify a March ruling from U.S. copyright royalty judges increasing the royalty fees Internet radio broadcasters must pay. In February, Representative Rick Boucher, a Virginia Democrat, introduced a bill that would carve out customer rights for the so-called fair use of copyright works.

The Copyright Alliance also will work on efforts to educate consumers about copyright. Many young people today don't understand the value of copyright, said James Gibson, an intellectual property professor at the University of Richmond School of Law. "The problem is, in the popular culture, copyright gets a bad rap," he said.

At the launch, "the alliance sought to draw attention to the importance of copyright-dependent industries by showing a short video depicting photographers, animators and other artists deemed 'the face of copyright'," says ZDNet, continuing, "Grammy-winning Motown songwriter Lamont Dozier, guitarist and Booker T and the MGs member Steve Cropper, famed folk singer Tom Paxton and Grammy-winning singer-songwriter Tim O'Brien also showed up to tout the importance of copyright to their livelihoods."

However, the story points out, pro-consumer group the Digital Freedom Campaign, whose members include the Consumer Electronics Association, advocacy group Public Knowledge, and the Electronic Frontier Foundation, was launched recently.

"That group argues that big labels and studios are threatening to squelch new gadgets and consumer freedom by chipping away at the fair use rights written into copyright law," says ZDNet.

"They support proposals like the Fair Use Act, sponsored by Rep. Rick Boucher (D-Va.) and three of his House colleagues, which would amend the controversial Digital Millennium Copyright Act to allow consumers the legal right to pick digital locks on copyrighted works for certain home or educational purposes.

"RIAA President Cary Sherman, for his part, has denounced the group's stance as an 'extremist' interpretation of the law designed to frighten consumers and policymakers."

Cultural Enlightenment

The Copyright Alliance describes itself as a, "non-profit, non-partisan educational organization dedicated to the value of copyright as an agent for creativity, jobs and growth" whose members will lobby for heavier civil and criminal penalties for copyright infringements, which they call "violations".

And schools at all levels should expect a flood of industry created and supplied materials and 'instructors' because the music, movie and software cartels also promise to 'educate' and motivate your children, saying:

It's never too early to learn the value of copyright. In fact, every time a child takes crayon to paper, he or she has created a copyrighted work, but how many know the rights they've just earned?

Educators across the country recognize the value of incorporating an understanding of copyright into lesson plans, but the resources haven't always been readily available. The Copyright Alliance, as part of its educational mission, aims to identify valuable curriculum guides and other educational resources and make those resources available to educators.

Unbelievably, the group also claims it'll support freedom of expression, issuing a set of fulsome "policy principles" to "guide their educational outreach efforts".

CULTURAL ENRICHMENT
To enrich our culture through incentives to create and disseminate new and innovative creative works to citizens.

PROGRESS
To promote the progress of science and creativity, as enumerated in the U.S. Constitution, by upholding and strengthening copyright law and preventing its diminishment.

EDUCATION
To advance educational programs that teach the value of strong copyright and its vital role in fostering creative expression, driving economic growth, and enriching the lives of our citizens.

ENFORCEMENT
To protect the incentive to create by supporting effective civil and criminal enforcement of copyright laws domestically and internationally.

DISSEMINATION
To defend the rights of creators to control their property, understanding the necessary balance of those rights with the public good.

GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
To encourage the inclusion of copyright protections in bilateral, regional, and multilateral agreements to protect creators and foster global development.

FREE EXPRESSION
To protect the rights of creators to express themselves freely under the principles established in the First Amendment, with copyright as an "engine of free expression."

It's hard to imagine a more unsavoury, unscrupulous and unethical collection of parasites, and all in one place.

Members include: American Federation of Television & Radio Artists, American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers; American Society of Media Photographers; Association of American Publishers; Broadcast Music, Inc; Business Software Alliance; CBS Corporation; Directors Guild of America; Entertainment Software Association; Magazine Publishers of America; Major League Baseball; Microsoft; Motion Picture Association of America; National Association of Broadcasters; National Collegiate Athletic Association; National Music Publishers' Association; NBA Properties, Inc; NBC Universal; News Corporation; Newspaper Association of America; Professional Photographers of America; Recording Artists' Coalition; Recording Industry Association of America; Software & Information Industry Association; Sony Pictures Entertainment; Time Warner; Viacom; Vin Di Bona Productions; and The Walt Disney Company.

The alliance's academic board boasts James Gibson, University of Richmond; Michael Ryan, George Washington University; Micheal Einhorn, Rutgers University; Stan Liebowitz, University of Texas at Dallas; Ronald Mann, University of Texas; R Polk Wagner, University of Pennsylvania; and, Lee Hollaar, University of Utah.

Its financial, legal, political and media resources and limitless and anyone who thinks things are bad now should very definitely stay tuned.

Because in the words of Bachman Turner Overdrive, You Ain't Seen Nothin' Yet.

Jon Newton - p2pnet

Slashdot Slashdot it!

Also See:
Hollywood Reporter - New copyright alliance on Capitol Hill, May 17, 2007
Variety - Copyright Alliance launched, May 17, 2007
InfoWorld - Songwriters help launch new copyright group, May 17, 2007
ZDNet - Backers of stronger copyright laws form lobby group, May 17, 2007
http://p2pnet.net/story/12261

 

Maka Kotto: same old same old

p2pnet.net news view:- A few people noticed the questions from Maka Kotto (right) during Question Period. Gordon Duggan of the Appropriation Art coalition wrote the following letter, and received a "familiar" response.


Dear Mr Kotto

It is with great disappointment that I learned of your reckless comments in the house yesterday. Your position appears to be based on statistics from a campaign by the American film industry to support their own interests. These statistics are highly questionable and are akin to using tobacco industry statistics on cancer. The rush by politicians to fall into line with the desires of American industry is shocking to say the least disappointing. A better solution would be to find independent statistics to confirm or denounce those put forth by the MPAA. The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative did not feel that the MPAA statistics were reliable enough to upgrade Canada's rating why do the Bloc? Camcorder piracy is a crime but the problem is not a copyright issue but one of counterfeit . The danger is, as always, the collateral damage of new legislation, if it is illegal to record with camcorders in theatres it is a very small step to make it illegal to record with a camcorder everywhere or if it is illegal to record with a camcorder is it also illegal to record with an ipod or other device.

Even more perplexing is that you, in one sentence condemn Canadian copyright for being out of date and then call for the ratification of treaties signed before digital media was even an issue.

The protection of Canadian culture should be the primary concern of the government and when "Canada's New Government" fail to do so Canadians look to the Opposition Critics to step up in defense of Canadian culture. This is the second call in as many months for the rights of average citizens to be be suppressed to suit international corporations, bill C36 being the other. Canadian copyright will not benefit from simply doing what the Americans demand Canadian copyright reform might do better looking at what the UK are doing as a more sensible approach

Attached are some links and papers which you should look at.

Sincerely

Gordon Duggan

http://www.artsnews.ca/Essays/Essay-May07.html
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6592133.stm
http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/independent_reviews/ gowers_review_intellectual_property/gowersreview_index.cfm (space added to allow wrapping)

And the reply (Look familiar?)

Bonjour,

Prenez note que notre objectif n'est pas d'américaniser l'industrie, mais bien de découvrir où va ce gouvernement qui n'a pas peur de prendre des positions très en faveur des intérêts de notre voisin du Sud.

Marc Thivierge
Adjoint parlementaire

Russell McOrmond - p2pnet contributing editor
[McOrmond is an independent author (software and non-software) who uses modern business models and licensing (Free/Libre and Open Source Software, Creative Commons). He's also the CLUE policy coordinator.]

[Editor's note: Google's translation of Marc Thivierge's response makes about as much sense as the original French-Canadian version, to wit: "Take note which our objective is not américaniser industry, but to discover well where this government goes which is not afraid to very take positions in favour of the interests of our neighbor of the South."]

"I hope people in Québéc are reading this, and wondering why a party that wants sovereignty from Canada seems intent on encouraging the Conservatives to giving away cultural sovereignty to the US?" - adds McOrmond.

http://p2pnet.net/story/12264

 

MZ ULTIMATE TWEAKER.......... and more
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http://mztweak.googlepages.com/

whats there

 

DMCA forces Pandora to ban Canada

p2pnet.net news:- "We have a single mission," says Pandora Media. "To help you discover new music you'll love."

That's great. Or it or it was great. We say "was" because a major problem has cropped up. It's called the DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) and thanks to its constrictions, Pandora's audience has now become so limited as to be almost non-existent.

Now Canada has been added to the growing list of countries, Pandora can no longer reach.

"We've now created an interface to make this available to music lovers so they could use this musical 'connective-tissue' to discover new music based on songs or artists they already know," states the Pandora 'about' page, continuing:

For almost seven years now, we have been hard at work on the Music Genome Project. It's the most comprehensive analysis of music ever undertaken. Together our team of fifty musician-analysts have been listening to music, one song at a time, studying and collecting literally hundreds of musical details on every song. It takes 20-30 minutes per song to capture all of the little details that give each recording its magical sound - melody, harmony, instrumentation, rhythm, vocals, lyrics ... and more - close to 400 attributes! We continue this work every day to keep up with the incredible flow of great new music coming from studios, stadiums and garages around the country.

We've now created an interface to make this available to music lovers so they could use this musical 'connective-tissue' to discover new music based on songs or artists they already know.

Pandora is the doorway to this vast trove of musical information. With Pandora you can explore to your heart's content. Just drop the name of one of your favorite songs or artists into Pandora and let the Genome Project go. It will quickly scan its entire world of analyzed music, almost a century of popular recordings - new and old, well known and completely obscure - to find songs with interesting musical similarities to your choice. Then sit back and enjoy as it creates a listening experience full of current and soon-to-be favorite songs for you.

You an create as many "stations" as you want. And you can even refine them. If it's not quite right you can tell it more and it will get better for you.

The Music Genome Project was founded by musicians and music-lovers. We believe in the value of music and have a profound respect for those who create it. We like all kinds of music, from the most obtuse bebop, to the most tripped-out drum n bass, to the simplest catchy pop tune. Our mission is to help YOU connect with the music YOU like.

We hope you enjoy the experience!

But at the beginning of the month, "Tonight we began the heartbreaking process of blocking access to Pandora for listeners outside the US," said the site continuing, "While the DMCA provides us a blanket license in the US, there is no equivalent in other countries. After a year of work, only the UK and Canada have shown enough progress for us to feel comfortable allowing continued access."

But now, "Much to our chagrin, on the heels of our being forced to block virtually our entire international listening audience, we now have to add Canada to the list," says Pandora.

The Canada ban went into effect on May 16.

The post goes on, "after a tough week, and in the wake of the substantial attention the blocking has clearly brought to this issue, it's been made clear to us that we cannot continue streaming into Canada," and the founder, Tim, adds, "I'll reiterate our commitment to fighting as hard as we can to fix this absurd problem - we only hope that reform will come soon so that we can get back to the business of listening and discovery. My sincerest apologies.

Says a comment post:

Well... I don't know what to say... Real sad to see this happen... The fact that pandora made me start listening to legit music, and not pirated tracks...

Well i guess i will need to revert to the old ways i had, so really i dont know how this will help the record companies make more money, since the only CD's ive ever bought were because of pandora... Well you can be shure ill be here everyday until its back up for us canadians.

Says another:

I hate to say this, but you guys are getting ripped off by the government. If this is a matter of licensing and royalties in Canada we already pay a hidden tax on all media storage devices (cd's, mp3 players, hard drives, ect) that goes directly (supposedly) to recording artists. So in reality every Canadian that buys a hard drive, or cd (blank or not) already pays this royalty to those poor old starving artists. So keep our streaming going!

Says a third:

Bullshit...total bullshit...and the music industry wonders why people just end up downloading everything for free. The lack of flexibilty and vision among the mainstream music industry just astounds me. I loved Pandora while it lasted and even bought several CDs based on artists the service introduced me to. A Sad Day for sure.. Good luck getting it up and running again though I imagine a small American company will have the time or the financial incentive to enter the Canadian market if it is too difficult or onerous.

And says a fourth:

The recording industry is doing it's level best to make it harder and harder for the listenning [read buying] public to get at product we might like to add to our collections. They have cowed radio so badly as to reduce it to an unlistenable advertising medium that squeeze music only 15 year old would like and I'm starting to doubt even they like it. Pandora gave bands and artists a place to be heard, without having to sign some onerous recording deal or concern themselves with having to worry about charing air time with another cheese dick Beyonce tune. What is most appaling is the royalty collectng agencies are driven by and for artists. Having been around some hit makers from days gone by I can tell you from experience they are not interested in the health of music as an art form but are keenly interested in maintaining their market share and failing misearbly to recognize the new reality and exciting possiblty that is the internet. We have a chance here to disentangle music from it's corporate task masters and SOCAN, BMI and ASCAP are blowing it. Young bands know that CD sales are not the way to make a buck, downloads and live dates are where the money is now. This makes the band exciting and scares the crap out of the labels as they see their grip slipping. The labels, like the dinosaurs they are, will die out if they don't evolve. Instead of evolving they do things like this. They are killing the weeds by burning the lawn all together.

Slashdot Slashdot it!

Also See:
Maka Kotto - Media blitz on camcording, May 11, 2007
http://p2pnet.net/story/12265

 

State-led Net censorship increasing

p2pnet.net news:- State-led censorship of the Net is increasing everywhere with America providing much of the filtering technology, says the Open Net Initiative.

"In the early days, countries used relatively crude blocking mechanisms at the national backbone level, or imposed restrictions upon ISPs that were applied in uneven ways," says Ronald Deibert, director of Canada's Citizen Lab, a member of the group. "Now we see first and foremost that many countries are using commercial filtering technologies, most of which are made by US companies. That's providing them with a finer-grain level of service."

The scale, scope and sophistication of state-based filtering have increased significantly, says a report just issued by the ONI, a partnership including the Citizen Lab at the Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto, the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School, the Advanced Network Research Group at the Cambridge Security Programme at Cambridge University, and the Oxford Internet Institute at the University of Oxford.

The ONI chart on the right shows web sites which provide email, Net hosting, search, translation, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telephone service, and circumvention methods.

"No data" sections display in grey. "No data" doesn't necessarily mean absence of filtering practices.

"Over the course of five years, we've gone from just a few places doing state-based technical filtering, like China, Iran, and Saudi Arabia, to more than two dozen," the MIT Technology Review has Berkman Center executive director John Palfrey staying. "As Internet censorship and surveillance grow, there's reason to worry about the implications of these trends for human rights, political activism, and economic development around the world."

China, Iran, and Saudi Arabia remain the top blockers, says the report.

According to the MIT post, each of these countries filters not only pornography, but also political, human-rights, religious, and cultural sites, "deemed subversive by those countries' governments".

Other countries are more selective in what they let citizens see or not see, it goes on, saying "Syria and Tunisia, for example, filter a great deal of political content, while Burma and Pakistan target websites that pertain to national-security issues".

"The South Koreans block several North Korean websites," says Nart Villeneuve, director of technical research at the Citizen Lab at the University of Toronto.

"They even tamper with the system so that when you try to access one of those North Korean sites, the URL resolves to a South Korean police page telling you, 'What you're trying to access is illegal, and we know your IP [Internet protocol] address.'" (An IP address could be used to locate the computer where the search is conducted, with the ultimate goal of identifying the individual involved.)

But, the MIT Technical Review has Deibert stating, the most pernicious for a filtering is "event-based" filtering.

By way of example, "Before the elections in March of 2006, Deibert notes, Belarus wasn't blocking Internet content by technical means. Instead, the country's strict laws regarding online content kept many Belarusians critical of the government in check.

"Then, at the time of key moments in the election, ONI realized that opposition websites were suddenly inaccessible inside the country. This led Deibert to believe that for just this brief period of time, laws designed to promote self-censorship weren't enough. The government had indeed started blocking content.

"This is a harbinger of what's to come worldwide," Deibert says. "You'll have filtering just during critical times, such as elections. Countries realize they risk becoming pariahs, and so they'll find more surreptitious ways of filtering."

Cambodia recently took this kind of censorship beyond the confines of the computer, when it ordered that cell-phone text-messaging services be cut off during elections, says the story adding the ONI is, "already thinking of ways to incorporate this kind of filtering into future studies".

p2pnet carries a link (in red text at the bottom of each page) to psiphon, a human rights software project developed by the Citizen Lab at the Munk Centre for International Studies. It allows people in uncensored countries to provide unfettered access to the Net through their home computers to friends and family members who live behind firewalls of states that censor.

Slashdot Slashdot it!

Also See:
MIT Technology Review - Internet Increasingly Censored, May 18, 2007
http://p2pnet.net/story/12266

 

Fill your car up with aluminum?



By Julie Steenhuysen 2 hours, 59 minutes ago

CHICAGO (Reuters) - Pellets made out of aluminum and gallium can produce pure hydrogen when water is poured on them, offering a possible alternative to gasoline-powered engines, U.S. scientists say.
ADVERTISEMENT

Hydrogen is seen as the ultimate in clean fuels, especially for powering cars, because it emits only water when burned. U.S.
President George W. Bush has proclaimed hydrogen to be the fuel of the future, but researchers have not decided what is the most efficient way to produce and store hydrogen.

In the experiment conducted at Purdue University in Indiana, "The hydrogen is generated on demand, so you only produce as much as you need when you need it," said Jerry Woodall, an engineering professor at Purdue who invented the system.

Woodall said in a statement the hydrogen would not have to be stored or transported, taking care of two stumbling blocks to generating hydrogen.

For now, the Purdue scientists think the system could be used for smaller engines like lawn mowers and chain saws. But they think it would work for cars and trucks as well, either as a replacement for gasoline or as a means of powering hydrogen fuel cells.

"It is one of the more feasible ideas out there," Jay Gore, an engineering professor and interim director of the Energy Center at Purdue's Discovery Park, said in a telephone interview on Thursday. "It's a very simple idea but had not been done before."

On its own, aluminum will not react with water because it forms a protective skin when exposed to oxygen. Adding gallium keeps the film from forming, allowing the aluminum to react with oxygen in the water, releasing hydrogen and aluminum oxide, also known as alumina.

What is left over is aluminum oxide and gallium. In the engine, the byproduct of burning hydrogen is water.

"No toxic fumes are produced," Woodall said.

Based on current energy and raw materials prices, the cost of making the hydrogen fuel is about $3 a gallon, about the same as the average price for a gallon of gas in the United States.

Recycling the aluminum oxide byproduct and developing a lower grade of gallium could bring down costs, making the system more affordable, Woodall said.
http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070518/us_nm/fuel_hydrogen_dc

 

Wanted: Omemo beta testers


p2pnet.net news:- Manolito is a genuinely independent and decentralised p2p network that's managed to survive unsullied by the corporate music industry.

Created by Pablo Soto (below) of Blubster fame, it's mp3 only - no movies, no videos, only music. And that's why it's so popular with people who want to keep their searches for sounds simple and uncluttered.

Then comes Soto's Piolet. It's based on the MP2P protocol with nods to both Gnutella v0.4 and the UDP protocol.

Both applications are now firmly in place and if you're wondering why you haven't heard anything from Soto lately, here's why: he's been working on Omemo, "the natural next step in P2P evolution," as he described it to p2pnet, adding:

"Resource sharing is in the heart of the internet, it was the foundation of content sharing. And Omemo creates this new wave of P2P 2.0."

From the site, "Conceptually, Omemo is a virtual storage device. The Omemo software creates a P2P network that brings together the available free space on the hard drive donated by each user, to create a unique and immense virtually limitless drive.

"The resulting storage unit will appear accessible in each user´s system as if it were a the local hard drive, a CD or a pen drive, with access speeds higher than those of an FTP server.

"Working anonymously, the drive enables users to add and organize their own content, which will form part of a live multimedia library managed by the users themselves."

Omemo is almost ready to roll and if you're interested in becoming a beta tester, head over to the sign-up area.
http://www.omemo.com/
Stay tuned.
http://p2pnet.net/story/12267

 

The Uncomfortable Reality of Sex in Space
05.18.07 | 2:00 AM

I picture NASA shifting uncomfortably in its chair, running its fingers under its collar and wondering if it's the only one feeling warm now that sex is in the air.

Or beyond the air, as the case may be.

You see, the space agency is almost 50 years old, and while it likes to think it's a leader in exploring new frontiers, it has yet to shake off the fetters of its childhood when it comes to sex, romance and relationships.

Yet it is starting to talk more publicly about the special considerations associated with long space flights, such as how to deal with illness and even death when you can't just turn around and come home. And sex is on the list for future discussions.

In the past, NASA has not been comfortable talking about sexuality, says science journalist Laura Woodmansee, who encountered resistance while researching her book Sex in Space.

"It's almost as if (retired astronauts) agreed not to talk about sex when they left (NASA)," she says. "And the current ones worry about their jobs and how it would make them look."

Yet as humans begin to spend more time in space and to travel further from Earth, space agencies will need to factor sex into their equations.

"We will have to address crew compatibility, sexuality issues, whether there is a necessity for sexual activity," says David Steitz, NASA senior public affairs officer.

He had the grace to laugh when I interrupted with a "Hell, yeah!"

But I was serious, too. We cannot expect astronauts to spend three years in a spacecraft and not have sex -- of some kind. Probably with each other, and likely in more than one combination.

Sex in space presents a number of challenges beyond tangible matters like zero gravity or awkward enclosures. In fact, the physics should be the least of NASA's concerns.

It's the touchy-feely bit that the agency will need to consider seriously. Blindly applying Earth-bound standards that astronauts cannot follow under space-voyage conditions will only lead to guilt and shame.

What happens if one person in the spaceship makes a romantic overture, only to be rebuffed? What happens if an astronaut in a relationship back home falls in love with another member of the mission? What to do -- send a breakup text message from Mars?

How do you handle love, sex, romance, heartbreak, jealousy, hurt, unrequited longing, crushes, loneliness and twitterpation when you're 18 months away from Earth and perhaps unsure whether you'll make it back?

You cope with it the way you do everything else in space. You rely on your intelligence, your commitment to the common good and your training.

If NASA invites me to take part in discussions about sexual standards in space -- it could happen -- I will suggest sending all candidates into the adult internet for a year.

They don't have to have cybersex or fall in love, but they should participate in different types of adult communities until they become comfortable with the wide range of human sexual relationships. I'm sure I'm not the only one who would gladly volunteer to show astronauts the ropes.

Online, astronauts (and their partners, if they have any) can learn how to deal with sexual situations similar to those they will face in space, with one important difference: an escape hatch.

They can observe and experiment with sex without possession, partnership without monogamy, sexual pleasure without expectation of roses or breakfast.

They can discover group love, bond with a special someone, or both. They can try letting go of jealousy and fear, figure out how to protect themselves from other people's drama, and develop healthy ways to cope with desire, love and rejection.

Some astronauts might discover they are comfortable with polyamory or bisexuality while others might reaffirm their commitment to monogamy. The important thing is that they practice living and working respectfully with others regardless of who is sleeping with whom.

We need to acknowledge that humans will bring our sexuality with us into space and that includes all the complexities of relationships as well as the relatively simple matter of bodies. NASA cannot avoid confronting those complexities, especially now that the public knows even astronauts sometimes confuse obsession with love.

"How long can humans go without sex?" is not the right question.

I don't care if you have a same-sex crew of great-grandparents who have never had a flicker of sexual desire in their entire lives. Lock a group of humans into a ship, sail them through space and time, and it won't take long for that deep, ancient need for touch and intimacy to surface.

For now, Steitz says, NASA is still trying to work out how to keep crewmembers physically healthy on an interplanetary journey.

"Obviously mental health is as important as the physical. The difference is, it's easier to develop physical standards for human bodies than for psychological or behavioral well-being," he says. "I can tell you how much bone mass you have, what your muscle strength is, how much oxygen you're breathing. But it's much harder to try to figure out 'are you happy?'"

Once they develop standards for maintaining physical health, he says, they can start designing a spacecraft. Only then do the less technical matters come to the fore.

Like where to stow the chocolate.

See you next Friday,

Regina Lynn
http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/commentary/sexdrive/2007/05/sexdrive_0518

 

More Ohio University students sued

p2pnet.net news:- It would seem having friends in low places hasn't done Ohio University a lot of good.

Claiming students were using school networks to share music with each other, Warner Music, EMI, Vivendi Universal and Sony BMG's RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) successfully intimidated university officers into banning file sharing.

Not that the action stopped anything. Music lovers simply shifted their activities to an intranet being run from the East Green section.

Ohio U officials hoped the ban will divert attention away from the university, which had until then held the record of most-sued among schools across America which had heard from the RIAA. And indeed, that's the way it looked. Because when the most recent round of sue 'em all letters arrived at university offices, Ohio was significantly absent, a fact that didn't go unnoticed by school administrators and cio Brice Bible is still calling the move a success - from the school's perspective.

But, 14 more Ohio University network users are facing Big 4 lawsuits, says the university newspaper, The Post.

"After the first round of recording industry letters threatening legal action arrived at the university in March, ten students decided not to settle and were named in a John Doe lawsuit filed April 13," says the story, going on:

The recording industry began its crackdown on students using college networks to share music in February, when it announced it had sent more copyright complaint notices to OU than any other college in the country. A week later, it sent out another news release saying 50 OU students would face copyright infringement lawsuits unless they settled. In April, 50 more OU students were left to consider a similar decision. To date, no other school has received more pre-litigation settlement letters than OU.

Students asked to settle must commit to a $3,000 payment within 20 days of the letter's mailing. Receipt of the letters takes additional time because the university must match the Internet provider address named in the letter to a network user using network activity logs.

Lawsuits notwithstanding, Bible said p2p traffic is "well contained".

"I would be surprised if we received any or a significant number (of pre-litigation letters) after the initial blocking was instituted," the story in The Post has him stating. But he "couldn't say for sure what the recording industry would do".

Meanwhile, the RIAA has asked the university to match IP addresses with the names of the students who use them," so that it can identify and sue 14 students who failed to enter into the settlement offered. The university said it has sent notices of the RIAA action to the students".
http://p2pnet.net/story/12268

 

What the Copyright Office thinks about Fair Use

By Nate Anderson | Published: May 20, 2007 - 11:09PM CT
Fair is fair... or is it?

The Sony Betamax Supreme Court decision was one of the most important "fair use" decisions of the last 25 years, but it's been a constant source of frustration for Marybeth Peters, the Register of Copyrights in the US since 1994. As head of the Copyright Office, Peters is in charge of the triennial DMCA anticircumvention review process. And every three years, her office sees the Sony case used as the basis for the most popular requested exemption: DVD ripping.

Marybeth Peters

Each time the Copyright Office deals with the issue, consumer groups contend that fair use rights to use the material on DVDs are being violated by access controls, and they want an exemption in order to back up discs or to use video clips in noninfringing ways. After all, didn't the Sony case put an official blessing on all recording equipment that had substantial noninfringing uses? Doesn't this mean that consumers have a right to use DVD rippers and that an anticircumvention exception should therefore be made for all DVDs? The EFF certainly thought so, arguing as much at the first triennial rulemaking back in 2000.

http://www.copyright.gov/1201/comments/204.pdf

But when I spoke with Peters about fair use, she pointed out that the Sony decision is in fact a narrow one and that fair use itself is often ambiguous unless defined by a judge. The Court's ruling in the Sony case was limited to "free, over-the-air television for time-shifting," she tells Ars. "It is not space-shifting; it's not anything beyond that. It's not off cable, it's not off video-on-demand, and yet if you talk to most consumers, they think that anything they do in the home that comes through their television set is fair use."

"That becomes a consumer expectation that you hear about that they want enabled," she continues, "and I don't disagree with that; that's what the market is demanding, and that's what the market should provide, but don't call it fair use."

"I don't want to say it's a crapshoot"

Her comment points out that fair use in the US can be a vague concept. Section 107 of the Copyright Act
http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#107

allows for the fair use of material "for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research" but speaks in broad terms rather than specific instances. Fair use can extend beyond these listed purposes (note the "such as" statement in the law), but to qualify as "fair," a use has to pass the famous four-part test, which considers the following factors:

* The purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;
* The nature of the copyrighted work;
* The amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and
* The effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.

What this means in practice is that people cannot know if something is fair use without testing their theory in front of a judge. This has happened on plenty of occasions—like the Sony/Universal case that opened the door to legal VHS recordings from TV broadcasts—but these rulings are generally quite narrow, applying only to the specific circumstances of the case. "Once a court has actually handed down a decision with regard to specific facts," Peters says, "if you fall within those facts, you're safe, but once you start wandering away from those facts then—I don't want to say it's a crapshoot—but it's not clear."

In the minds of many Americans, though, "fair use" means a whole host of things that are not contained in the Copyright Act or outlined in a judicial decision. As Peters puts it, "'fair use' has become a shortcut for what 'I think the balance should be as I look at the copyright law.'"

Take DVD ripping as an example. As noted above, it's an issue that Peters hears about without fail every three years as users seek a DMCA exemption to the anticircumvention protections that extend to DVDs. Why has the Copyright Office rejected the proposed exemption at each triennial rulemaking to date? In her words, it's because the widely-hacked CSS encryption on DVDs does not actually prevent fair use at all, and those who think otherwise don't understand exactly what rights fair use grants them.
http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/fair-use.ars

 

Copyright Law of the United States of America
and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code

Circular 92
Chapter 1
Subject Matter and Scope of Copyright

* 101. Definitions
* 102. Subject matter of copyright: In general
* 103. Subject matter of copyright: Compilations and derivative works
* 104. Subject matter of copyright: National origin
* 104A. Copyright in restored works
* 105. Subject matter of copyright: United States Government works
* 106. Exclusive rights in copyrighted works
* 106A. Rights of certain authors to attribution and integrity
* 107. Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use
* 108. Limitations on exclusive rights: Reproduction by libraries and archives
* 109. Limitations on exclusive rights: Effect of transfer of particular copy or phonorecord
* 110. Limitations on exclusive rights: Exemption of certain performances and displays
* 111. Limitations on exclusive rights: Secondary transmissions
* 112. Limitations on exclusive rights: Ephemeral recordings
* 113. Scope of exclusive rights in pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works
* 114. Scope of exclusive rights in sound recordings
* 115. Scope of exclusive rights in nondramatic musical works: Compulsory license for making and distributing phonorecords
* 116. Negotiated licenses for public performances by means of coin-operated phonorecord players
* 117. Limitations on exclusive rights: Computer programs1
* 118. Scope of exclusive rights: Use of certain works in connection with noncommercial broadcasting
* 119. Limitations on exclusive rights: Secondary transmissions of superstations and network stations for private home viewing
* 120. Scope of exclusive rights in architectural works
* 121. Limitations on exclusive rights: reproduction for blind or other people with disabilities
* 122. Limitations on exclusive rights; secondary transmissions by satellite carriers within local market

link
http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#107